As an another example, Seagate SMR HDDs have about 20 GB PMR cache area that has pretty high performance but once it gets full, writing directly to SMR area may cut the performance to 10% from the original. Samsung EVO series which have 20-50 GB SLC cache). For example, some SSDs have significantly faster performance with pre-erased blocks or it might have small SLC flash area that's used as write cache and the performance changes once SLC cache is full (e.g. However, note that for some storage media the size of the file is not as important as total bytes written during short time period. In case of SSD, the file size does not matter that much. If your device is near empty, using file big enough to almost fill the drive will get you the worst case behavior for each test. ![]() Small files will give "too good" results for rotational media because the read head does not need to move that much. Using bigger files may reduce the numbers you get depending on drive technology and firmware. Increase the -size argument to increase the file size. Mixed random 4K read and write QD1 with sync (this is worst case number you should ever expect from your drive, usually less than 1% of the numbers listed in the spec sheet): fio -name TEST -eta-newline=5s -filename=fio-tempfile.dat -rw=randrw -size=500m -io_size=10g -blocksize=4k -ioengine=libaio -fsync=1 -iodepth=1 -direct=1 -numjobs=1 -runtime=60 -group_reporting Random 4K read QD1 (this is the number that really matters for real world performance unless you know better for sure): fio -name TEST -eta-newline=5s -filename=fio-tempfile.dat -rw=randread -size=500m -io_size=10g -blocksize=4k -ioengine=libaio -fsync=1 -iodepth=1 -direct=1 -numjobs=1 -runtime=60 -group_reporting Sequential WRITE speed with big blocks (this should be near the number you see in the specifications for your drive): fio -name TEST -eta-newline=5s -filename=fio-tempfile.dat -rw=write -size=500m -io_size=10g -blocksize=1024k -ioengine=libaio -fsync=10000 -iodepth=32 -direct=1 -numjobs=1 -runtime=60 -group_reporting Sequential READ speed with big blocks (this should be near the number you see in the specifications for your drive): fio -name TEST -eta-newline=5s -filename=fio-tempfile.dat -rw=read -size=500m -io_size=10g -blocksize=1024k -ioengine=libaio -fsync=10000 -iodepth=32 -direct=1 -numjobs=1 -runtime=60 -group_reporting Note that for any accuracy, you need to specify exactly what you want to measure. It requires reading the manual ( man fio) but it will give you accurate results. If you want accuracy, you should use fio. When you click on anyone button it starts benchmarking of hard disk.) (In older versions, you will find and two buttons: one is for “Start Read Only Benchmark” and another one is “Start Read/Write Benchmark”.
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